Every normal heart consists of heart muscle and four valves. Two valves are located between forechambers (atria) and pumping chambers (ventricles) as inlet valves, the other two are between ventricles and big arteries (aorta, pulmonary artery) as outlet valves of the pumping chambers. These valves regulate inflow into the heart and outflow into lungs of the body through coordinated opening and closing.

A disease may be caused by an inborn anomaly that gets worse with age. Some heart valve disease may only occur with wear due to increasing age or as a consequence of infections with bacteria.

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